{"id":2765,"date":"2026-07-02T15:17:41","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T12:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/?page_id=2765"},"modified":"2026-07-02T22:51:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T19:51:14","slug":"gorme-yetersizligi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/gorme-yetersizligi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6rme Yetersizli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2765\" class=\"elementor elementor-2765\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-295d7b98 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"295d7b98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55117832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55117832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tan\u0131m, Tan\u0131lama ve E\u011fitim S\u00fcre\u00e7leri<\/h1>\n\n<blockquote data-path-to-node=\"3\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u00d6nemli Not:<\/b> G\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi, bireyin zek\u00e2 d\u00fczeyini, \u00f6\u011frenme yetene\u011fini veya akademik potansiyelini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bir durum de\u011fildir. Do\u011fru zamanda ba\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket e\u011fitimi, Braille (kabartma) yaz\u0131 deste\u011fi, sesli ve teknolojik materyallerle g\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi olan bireyler e\u011fitim hayatlar\u0131nda ve mesleklerinde \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. G\u00f6rme Yetersizli\u011fi Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi; t\u0131bbi t\u00fcm d\u00fczeltmelere (g\u00f6zl\u00fck, lens veya cerrahi m\u00fcdahaleler) ra\u011fmen, bireyin g\u00f6rme duyusundaki kay\u0131p nedeniyle g\u00f6rsel uyaranlardan tam olarak yararlanamamas\u0131 ve bu durumun e\u011fitimsel, sosyal ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam performans\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkilemesi durumudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u011fitsel a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi olan bireyler, e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 temel duyu kanal\u0131na g\u00f6re <strong>&#8220;K\u00f6r (Total G\u00f6rme Kayb\u0131)&#8221;<\/strong> ve <strong>&#8220;Az G\u00f6ren&#8221;<\/strong> olmak \u00fczere iki ana gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2770 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316-1024x453.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"860\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316-1024x453.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316-768x340.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316-340x150.png 340w, https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316-450x199.png 450w, https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gorme-yetersizligi-e1782995085316.png 1424w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. G\u00f6rme Yetersizli\u011fi Dereceleri ve S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6rme kayb\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeyi, t\u0131bbi olarak standart g\u00f6z tarama testleri (Snellen Kart\u0131 vb.) ve g\u00f6rme alan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleriyle belirlenir. E\u011fitsel a\u00e7\u0131dan ise s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Total G\u00f6rme Kayb\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong> G\u00f6rme duyusunu tamamen kaybetmi\u015f ya da \u0131\u015f\u0131k alg\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye sahip olan bireylerdir. E\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde okuma ve yazma i\u00e7in g\u00f6rsel materyalleri kullanamazlar; \u00f6\u011frenmede dokunsal (Braille alfabesi) ve i\u015fitsel (sesli kitaplar, ekran okuyucular) kanallara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az G\u00f6ren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong> G\u00f6rme keskinli\u011fi yasal k\u00f6rl\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan ancak b\u00fcy\u00fcte\u00e7, teleskopik g\u00f6zl\u00fck, b\u00fcy\u00fck puntolu kitaplar gibi \u00f6zel optik ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 ara\u00e7lar olmaks\u0131z\u0131n standart yaz\u0131l\u0131 materyalleri okumakta zorlanan bireylerdir. Bu bireyler, var olan g\u00f6rme kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde aktif bir \u015fekilde kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Tan\u0131lama ve De\u011ferlendirme S\u00fcreci Nas\u0131l \u0130\u015fler?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011finde tan\u0131lama ad\u0131mlar\u0131, t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerden e\u011fitsel y\u00f6nlendirmelere kadar \u015fu resmi s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kapsar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.T\u0131bbi Tan\u0131lama (G\u00f6z Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 S\u00fcreci):<\/strong>\u0130lk Ad\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6rme kayb\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen \u00e7ocuk, tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc bir hastanenin <strong>G\u00f6z Hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong> klini\u011fine sevk edilir. Uzman hekim taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rme keskinli\u011fi, g\u00f6rme alan\u0131 ve g\u00f6z dibi muayeneleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. T\u0131bbi tedaviler veya optik d\u00fczeltmeler uyguland\u0131ktan sonra kal\u0131c\u0131 yetersizlik durumu varsa \u00e7ocuk ad\u0131na <strong>\u00c7\u00d6ZGER (\u00c7ocuklar \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6zel Gereksinim Raporu)<\/strong> d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.E\u011fitsel Tan\u0131lama (RAM S\u00fcreci):<\/strong>\u0130kinci Ad\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu raporunu alan aile, ikamet etti\u011fi b\u00f6lgedeki <strong>RAM&#8217;dan (Rehberlik ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi)<\/strong> randevu al\u0131r. RAM b\u00fcnyesindeki \u00f6zel e\u011fitim uzmanlar\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun kavramsal geli\u015fimini, i\u015fitsel ve dokunsal alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, az g\u00f6ren \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ise g\u00f6rme kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar efektif kullanabildi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.\u00d6zel E\u011fitim Tedbiri Karar\u0131:<\/strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ad\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RAM de\u011ferlendirmesi sonucunda \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in en uygun e\u011fitim ortam\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Akranlar\u0131yla uyum sa\u011flayabilecek durumdaki \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in <strong>&#8220;Kayna\u015ft\u0131rma\/B\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirme Yoluyla E\u011fitim&#8221;<\/strong> karar\u0131 verilerek genel e\u011fitim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirilirler ve okuldaki <strong>Destek E\u011fitim Odas\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;ndan faydalan\u0131rlar. Total g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131 olan ve yo\u011fun deste\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ise m\u00fcstakil <strong>G\u00f6rme Engelliler Okulu<\/strong> karar\u0131 al\u0131nabilir. Ayr\u0131ca rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde destek e\u011fitim almalar\u0131 onaylan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u00d6zel E\u011fitim ve M\u00fcdahale Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi olan bireylerin e\u011fitiminde temel ama\u00e7, di\u011fer duyu organlar\u0131n\u0131 (i\u015fitme, dokunma, koklama) etkin \u015fekilde kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek ve \u00e7evreye tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uyum sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E\u011fitimde Kullan\u0131lan Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Y\u00f6ntem ve Ara\u00e7lar:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Braille (Kabartma) Yaz\u0131 Sistemi:<\/strong> Alt\u0131 noktan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kombinasyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan, total g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131 olan bireylerin dokunarak okuma ve yazmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan evrensel alfabe sistemidir. Matematiksel semboller ve m\u00fczik notalar\u0131 da bu sistemle \u00f6\u011fretilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Hareket ve Oryantasyon E\u011fitimi:<\/strong> G\u00f6rme engelli bireyin nerede oldu\u011funu bilmesi (oryantasyon) ve bir yerden bir yere g\u00fcvenli, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde gidebilmesi (ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket) i\u00e7in beyaz baston kullan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00f6n bulma stratejileri ve \u00e7evre ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme becerileri kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Teknolojiler ve Ekran Okuyucular:<\/strong> Bilgisayar ve telefonlardaki metinleri sese d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar (JAWS, NVDA vb.), Braille ekranlar, sesli k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler ve sesli betimleme uygulamalar\u0131 e\u011fitime eri\u015fimi maksimum d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dokunsal Materyaller ve Kabartma Haritalar:<\/strong> Soyut kavramlar\u0131, co\u011frafi \u015fekilleri veya geometrik yap\u0131lar\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kabartmal\u0131 grafikler, \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu maketler ve dokunsal oyuncaklar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Aileler \u0130\u00e7in Evde Destek Rehberi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ev ortam\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeni ve ailenin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, g\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6z g\u00fcven kazanmas\u0131nda ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131nda hayati bir rol oynar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Evdeki E\u015fyalar\u0131n Yerini Sabit Tutun:<\/strong> Mobilyalar\u0131n, kap\u0131lar\u0131n konumunu s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyin. De\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak zorundaysan\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funuza evi gezdirerek yeni d\u00fczeni mutlaka tan\u0131t\u0131n. Odas\u0131ndaki dolaplar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekmeceleri onun eri\u015febilece\u011fi \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleyin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Betimleyici ve Net Bir Dil Kullan\u0131n:<\/strong> &#8220;\u015euradaki barda\u011f\u0131 al&#8221; gibi belirsiz ifadeler yerine, saat y\u00f6n\u00fc kurallar\u0131n\u0131 veya konum bildiren net kelimeler kullan\u0131n: <em>&#8220;Tam \u00f6n\u00fcnde, saat 12 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir bardak var.&#8221;<\/em> gibi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dokunarak ve Ya\u015fayarak \u00d6\u011frenmesine \u0130zin Verin:<\/strong> \u00c7ocu\u011funuzun nesneleri elleriyle incelemesine, dokusunu, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetmesine izin verin. Mutfakta sebzeleri y\u0131karken, masay\u0131 haz\u0131rlarken ona sorumluluk vererek dokunsal deneyimlerini art\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Korumac\u0131 Davranmay\u0131n:<\/strong> \u00c7ocu\u011funuzun d\u00fc\u015fmesinden veya hata yapmas\u0131ndan korkarak onun ad\u0131na hareket etmeyin. Kendi kendine y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi, yeme\u011fini yemesi, \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in ona f\u0131rsat verin ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket becerilerini ev i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli te\u015fvik edin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf4f834 elementor-widget rivax-advanced-button-widget\" data-id=\"cf4f834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"rivax-advanced-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rivax-advanced-button-wrapper\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/orgm.meb.gov.tr\/meb_iys_dosyalar\/2025_01\/31172148_gormeyetersizligi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rivax-advanced-button style-1 hover-title-up\" title=\"G\u00d6RME YETERS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130 OLAN B\u0130REYLER (Aileler \u0130\u00e7in Rehber Kitap\u00e7\u0131k)\">\r\n                <span class=\"title-wrap\">\r\n                        <span class=\"title\" data-title=\"G\u00d6RME YETERS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130 OLAN B\u0130REYLER (Aileler \u0130\u00e7in Rehber Kitap\u00e7\u0131k)\">G\u00d6RME YETERS\u0130ZL\u0130\u011e\u0130 OLAN B\u0130REYLER (Aileler \u0130\u00e7in Rehber Kitap\u00e7\u0131k)<\/span>\r\n        <\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tan\u0131m, Tan\u0131lama ve E\u011fitim S\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00d6nemli Not: G\u00f6rme yetersizli\u011fi, bireyin zek\u00e2 d\u00fczeyini, \u00f6\u011frenme yetene\u011fini veya akademik potansiyelini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bir durum de\u011fildir. Do\u011fru zamanda ba\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket e\u011fitimi, Braille (kabartma) yaz\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2765","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2765"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2797,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2765\/revisions\/2797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozelegitim.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}